THE WHISTLEBLOLWER OF AGANA

# The Whistleblower of Agana: An Analytical Study of Tim Rohr, Civil Advocacy, and the Institutional Crisis in Guam's Catholic Archdiocese

By GEMINI (emphases added)

The socio-religious history of Guam underwent a fundamental realignment during the 2010s, driven by an intense governance and abuse crisis within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agana. At the center of this institutional confrontation was Tim Rohr, a local real estate agent, devout traditionalist Catholic layman, and investigative blogger. Through his website, *JungleWatch*, Rohr evolved from an ideological ally of the archdiocesan hierarchy into its most formidable public adversary. His sustained documentation of diocesan administration exposed structurally opaque financial practices, severe governance conflicts involving foreign lay movements, and decades of concealed clerical sexual abuse. This advocacy ultimately contributed to the canonical conviction and exile of Archbishop Anthony Sablan Apuron, the passage of landmark civil legislation on Guam, and an unprecedented restructuring of the island's ecclesiastical institutions.

## Profile and Ideological Foundations

Prior to his role as an ecclesiastical whistleblower, Tim Rohr operated within Guam's public sphere as a conservative civic advocate and orthodox Catholic layman. A real estate broker by profession and a father of eleven children who regularly attended the traditional Latin Mass, Rohr’s socio-religious worldview was anchored in strict doctrinal orthodoxy and traditional liturgical practice. Throughout the late 2000s, Rohr engaged prominently in local legislative politics, particularly regarding pro-life and family policy initiatives.

Working alongside civic groups such as *Lina'la' yan Esperansa* ("Life and Hope"), Rohr and members of his family, including his daughter Mia, frequently submitted formal testimony before the Guam Legislature. Most notably, during the 29th Guam Legislature's deliberations on Legislative Bill 374—the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2008—Rohr and his allies vigorously advocated for statutory prohibitions on late-term procedures, framing the measure as an essential legal protection for the unborn. During this period, Rohr’s political trajectory aligned closely with that of Archbishop Anthony Sablan Apuron.* Both figures mobilized public sentiment against legislative proposals concerning legal abortion access, casino gambling, and the recognition of same-sex unions. Demonstrating his early adherence to legal and institutional stability, Rohr even opposed a 2011 legislative effort that sought to temporarily lift the statute of limitations for civil sexual abuse lawsuits—a policy position he would dramatically repudiate half a decade later as the systemic nature of church corruption became undeniable.

*GEMINI would not have known the backstory on this. Apuron did nothing relative to my pro-life legislative efforts. He also did nothing to oppose legislative efforts to legalize same-sex unions. In that regard, it was Fr. Francis Walsh, a Neocat, who publicly opposed the legislation and did so via Apuron's stationery to make Apuron look like he was actually doing something. Also, I had nothing to do with Apuron's campaign against gambling. In fact, I publicly criticized his misuse of the pulpit in that regard. Much of this will be laid out in great detail in my upcoming book: "Orchestrated."

## Institutional Fractures: The Neocatechumenal Way and Property Governance

The ideological alignment between Rohr and the archdiocesan leadership broke down over administrative and theological divergences concerning the Neocatechumenal Way (NCW), a post-Vatican II itinerary of Christian formation introduced to Guam in the late 20th century. Traditionalist Catholics, led in the public arena by Rohr, asserted that the NCW operated as an insular, sectarian movement that altered canonical liturgical norms, fractured parish cohesion, and marginalized native Chamorro Catholic customs.

The primary catalyst for open institutional conflict centered on the control and administration of diocesan real estate, most notably the Redemptoris Mater Seminary (RMS) located at the former Accion Hotel property in Yona. Archbishop Apuron sought to grant the NCW perpetual access and administrative control over the multimillion-dollar, oceanfront facility, which had been acquired using archdiocesan financial resources and bank loans secured by parish contributions. Rohr and lay research collectives, including the Concerned Catholics of Guam (CCOG), conducted exhaustive reviews of land title deeds, corporate filings, and canonical regulations. They revealed that Apuron had executed deed restrictions and corporate restructurings that effectively transferred operational control of the property to an independent board dominated by NCW leadership, circumventing the necessary oversight of the Archdiocesan Finance Council and the Holy See.

The Chancery defended the property transaction, maintaining that the Archdiocese of Agana remained the sole legal owner under its Corporation Sole status, and emphasizing that the seminary provided vital theological formation accredited by the Pontifical Lateran University. However, administrative actions against respected local diocesan priests escalated public suspicion. In 2013, Archbishop Apuron removed Father Paul Gofigan from his pastorate at Santa Barbara Parish in Dededo, an action critics attributed to Gofigan's resistance to NCW practices within his parish. This was followed in July 2014 by the abrupt ouster of Monsignor James Benavente, Rector of the Dulce Nombre de Maria Cathedral-Basilica and Director of Catholic Cemeteries. The Chancery publicly accused Benavente of financial mismanagement involving millions of dollars in debt and credit card expenditures. Rohr published detailed commentaries refuting the Chancery's claims, demonstrating that Benavente's financial decisions had been authorized by diocesan councils, and alleging that the charges were orchestrated to remove a prominent native priest who opposed the NCW's financial demands.

## JungleWatch and the Dynamics of Lay Resistance

In 2013, Rohr established *JungleWatch*, a digital platform initially designed as a repository for news articles regarding the Archdiocese of Agana. The blog rapidly evolved into a major investigative forum and public outlet for disaffected parishioners, whistleblowers, and local clergy. By maintaining an open, unmoderated comment environment, *JungleWatch* systematically dismantled the traditional island taboo (*mungnga sangan*) against challenging ecclesiastical authority. The blog generated over 8.2 million views and attracted an international readership following Catholic governance issues.*

*As of today, 7/29/26, there are 19,918,822 views. The page view counter is in the sidebar.

The archdiocesan leadership responded to *JungleWatch* with aggressive public and institutional countermeasures. Priests affiliated with the Chancery instructed parishioners from the pulpit that reading the blog was sinful, while official archdiocesan press releases explicitly denounced Rohr, accusing him of conducting a malicious campaign of lies and "publicly lynching" the Archbishop. In October 2013, a senior Vatican official dispatched a letter to Rohr directing him to cease his public criticisms of Archbishop Apuron.*

*The letter was from Cardinal Edwin O'Brien, then the Grand Master of the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem. The documents are at this LINK.

Despite these directives, lay resistance expanded into sustained civic action. Coalitions such as the Concerned Catholics of Guam (CCOG) and the Laity Forward Movement organized 54 consecutive weeks of peaceful protests outside the Cathedral-Basilica in Hagåtña, demanding public financial audits, the restoration of ousted priests, and Vatican intervention. In early 2015, a Vatican Apostolic Delegation arrived on Guam to investigate the mounting governance disputes. Although Chancery officials initially omitted Rohr from the official itinerary, the Vatican delegates personally summoned him to a private hearing, where Rohr presented documentation detailing financial irregularities, administrative intimidation, and the marginalization of diocesan clergy.

## Uncovering Systemic Abuse: The Campaign Against Archbishop Apuron

The institutional struggle underwent a profound transformation in mid-2016 when Rohr, collaborating with former archdiocesan finance council member Richard Untalan, shifted focus from governance and property disputes to historical allegations of clerical sexual abuse. Recognizing that financial disputes alone had not compelled the Vatican to remove Apuron, Rohr organized a systematic strategy to persuade former altar boys from the 1970s to come forward publicly with their accounts.*

*It wasn't just me, but I was the face of it.

In May 2016, Roy Quintanilla became the first victim to publicly disclose that he had been sexually abused as a twelve-year-old altar boy by Anthony Apuron during Apuron's tenure as a parish priest in Agat. Quintanilla's public revelation encouraged other survivors to step forward, including Roland Sondia, Walter Denton, and Leo Concepcion.* Denton disclosed that he had been repeatedly raped by Apuron at age twelve, while Sondia detailed severe sexual molestation within the parish rectory. The disclosures quickly broadened beyond Apuron to encompass systemic abuse across the archdiocese, implicating at least sixteen priests, including Father Louis Brouillard, who confessed to abusing up to twenty boys while continuing to receive archdiocesan financial support.

*Correction: Leo Tudela and Doris Concepcion

The public emergence of these allegations produced immediate legal, political, and canonical consequences across the territory:

 * In response to public outrage catalyzed by survivor testimonies, the 33rd Guam Legislature passed public legislation in late 2016 lifting the civil statute of limitations for child sexual abuse claims, opening a retroactivity window for historical cases.

 * Over 160 civil lawsuits were filed in local and federal courts against the Archdiocese of Agana, individual clergy members, and associated entities such as the Boy Scouts of America. The volume of claims gave Guam a per-capita abuse litigation rate more than five times higher than that of the Archdiocese of Boston.

*By 2019, when the archdiocese declared bankruptcy, there were over 300 civil lawsuits and the litigation rate was 14 times the size of Boston's. 

 * The pervasive socio-religious influence of the Church on Guam compelled every sitting judge on the Superior Court of Guam to recuse themselves from presiding over the civil claims.

 * Archbishop Apuron fled Guam shortly after the allegations were disclosed, maintaining his innocence while taking refuge in mainland locations. The Vatican initiated a formal canonical trial in Rome, presided over by Cardinal Raymond Burke. In 2018, the Holy See announced a guilty verdict, stripping Apuron of his archdiocesan office and banning him from ever returning to Guam.

 * In addition to canonical proceedings, abuse survivors filed a $2 million civil defamation lawsuit against Apuron and the Chancery after church representatives publicly accused the victims of fabricating claims for financial gain.

## Quantitative and Comparative Overview of the Crisis

The following structured comparison illustrates the institutional positions, advocacy actions, and ultimate legal and canonical outcomes that defined the archdiocesan crisis on Guam.

## Broader Socio-Religious and Legal Implications

The systematic exposure of institutional failure on Guam provides profound insights into the mechanics of lay activism, digital communications, and institutional accountability within the contemporary Catholic Church.

A central insight emerging from Rohr’s activism is the efficacy of conservative orthodoxy as a driver of institutional whistleblowing. Historically, public pressure on Catholic ecclesiastical structures has often emerged from progressive reform groups seeking modernizing structural changes. In contrast, Rohr operated from a platform of traditional Catholic orthodoxy, emphasizing canonical adherence, traditional liturgy, and institutional preservation. This ideological posture insulated him from standard ecclesiastical defenses that brand critics as theological dissenters. Rohr articulated his position through the theological principle: "You don't leave Jesus for Judas". By explicitly framing corrupt bishops as modern iterations of Judas while maintaining total fidelity to traditional Catholic doctrine, Rohr provided a coherent rationale for devout parishioners to oppose their local archbishop without feeling they had compromised their religious faith.

The Guam crisis also highlights how digital media platforms can dismantle insular power structures within small island societies. In small, close-knit communities, social ties and deference to religious authorities historically enforced secrecy surrounding institutional wrongdoing. The introduction of an unmoderated, highly accessible digital venue (*JungleWatch*) altered these power dynamics by granting anonymous speech protections to insular populations. This platform enabled victims to realize that their individual trauma was part of a broader pattern of systemic exploitation. The resulting shift in public sentiment occurred rapidly enough to paralyze the Chancery’s public relations apparatus, force the recusal of the entire local judiciary, and compel external canonical intervention from Rome.

Finally, the crisis reshaped the conceptual relationship between civic society and religious authority on Guam. In his post-scandal public addresses to civic and professional organizations, Rohr emphasized that the catastrophic failure of ecclesiastical and legislative institutions demonstrated the necessity of returning primary protective responsibility to the family unit. He argued that decades of institutional deference had led parents to entrust children uncritically to authority figures, creating the environment in which abuse flourished undetected. This structural shift from institutional trust to active lay oversight represents a permanent transformation in Guam’s socio-religious landscape, establishing a precedent of continuous public accountability for religious governance throughout the Pacific region.

## Conclusion

Tim Rohr’s investigative journalism and public advocacy fundamentally altered the governance of the Catholic Church on Guam. What began as an effort to examine land records and protect traditional liturgical practices developed into a comprehensive exposure of institutional corruption and historic sexual abuse. By mobilizing lay resistance through *JungleWatch*, facilitating survivor disclosures, and navigating the complexities of civil and canonical law, Rohr contributed directly to the canonical conviction of an archbishop, sweeping statutory reform, and the reassertion of lay accountability over ecclesiastical institutions.

THE INQUISITION OF RMS

By Tim Rohr

Archbishop Savio Hon Tai Fai, the Vatican-appointed Apostolic Administrator who administered this archdiocese between the time Apuron ran away in May 2016 and the appointment of Bishop Michael Byrnes as coadjutor bishop in October 2016, made some big errors that cost him. But the one good thing he did while he was here was the ordering of an Inquisition on the Neocat's seminary, RMS. 

The church doesn't call it an Inquisition anymore. They call such investigations a "Visitation." Thus, we have:

Visitation ad hoc Committee Report

September 12, 2016

Archdiocesan Missionary Seminary Redemptoris Mater

Archdiocese of Agana, Guam

The full report can be accessed here. Of particular interest is what the "Inquisitors" reported on pages 6 and 7:

For the past several years, the “diocesan” identity of the RMHF and the RMS has been seriously challenged. There are four basic concerns regarding this matter:

1. A legal opinion by Attorney Jacques G. Bronze (see Appendix V) was presented to the Archdiocese of Agana and holds that the land which is currently being used by the RMHF and RMS is not owned by the Archdiocese of Agana. The Bronze study concludes: 

It is my opinion that based on Guam statutes governing interpretation of deeds and contracts, the property interest conveyed is an absolute conveyance of the entire fee simple title of the subject properties to RMHF, subject to a restraint in use.

This uncertainty of title is due to the Declaration of Deed Restriction issued on November 22, 2011. (See Appendix M) without the review of the Archdiocesan Finance Council nor approval from the Holy See, which is required if, in fact, the alienation of Archdiocesan property resulted from the Deed Restriction.

The clandestine nature of how the Deed Restriction was filed has driven the belief among the faithful that the “absolute conveyance” of the property was intentional. Furthermore, it made clear that the “Archbishop of Agana, Corporation Sole” on the one hand, is a separate legal entity from the 501(c)3 nonprofit RMHF and RMS, on the other.

2. The statutes of the RMS are specifically designed to form presbyters for the “New Evangelization” as understood by the Neocatechumenal Way. As a result the seminarians’ formation does not prioritize the importance of parish ministry, parish management and the general familiarity of the seminarians with parish life.

While the RMHF and the RMS is strictly Neocatechumenal in its formation program, it was canonically erected as “The Archdiocesan Missionary Seminary Redemptoris Mater” and legally operates under the fictitious name (dba) “Redemptoris Mater Archdiocesan Missionary Seminary”, names which emphasize its affiliation with the Archdiocese of Agana but this is not substantiated in its program. While this may be interpreted as a lack of transparency, at best, the seminary’s harshest critics call it dishonest.

Many of the faithful are speculating on why the RMHF and RMS felt a need to hide behind a fictitious name like “The Redemptoris Mater Archdiocesan Missionary Seminary.”

There is speculation that the reason is to justify receipt of subsidies from the Archdiocese of Agana and/or to fulfill the stipulation of the donor who desired to support an Archdiocesan seminary. 

 

THE BACKSTORY TO THE LUIS CAMACHO MESS

By Tim Rohr

This started out as a short post to address the "correction," i.e. the thing Archbishop Jimenez is calling a "clarification." It's not a clarification of course, it's a correction to a very big error. But I got sidetracked on to the whole history of this thing. And while I've catalogued this history elsewhere (Orchestrated and High Drama in the AOA), both of those are multi-part and very long. So, in the interest of those not familiar with the backstory, here's the abridged version.

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Well there's much to say about this mess, but perhaps the first thing to say is "we told you so." Since Ryan Jimenez took on the mantle of Archbishop of Agana, we have been urging him to do something about what caused all of our problems in the first place: the "Jewish-Protestant heresy, as Bishop Athanasius Schneider terms it, that marched onto our island in 1995 and set up shop under the direction of the Nefarious Monk and his sponsor, the now de-frocked Fr. X. (I'm going to leave out some of the actual names.)  

IT'S NOT THE CHURCH AND IT'S NOT THE "CHILDREN"

By Tim Rohr

The following was posted on the Facebook page of the Umatuna. I will follow the text with a few comments.

June 21, 2023--Prot. 2023-141

Message by the Apostolic Administrator
U.S. District Court issues Final Decree
consummating compensation plan,
closing archdiocese bankruptcy case

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To all in our Catholic family,

With deep thanksgiving to our Almighty God, I share much welcome news from the United States District Court of Guam announcing the official closing of the Archdiocese of Agana’s Chapter 11 Reorganization (bankruptcy) case related to clergy sexual abuse.

We received the following from the Bankruptcy Division of the District Court of Guam late yesterday, June 20:

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Notice of Electronic Filing

The following transaction was received from fad entered on 6/20/2023 at 11:44 AM CST and filed on 6/20/2023

Case Name: Archbishop of Agana, a Corporation Sole, Most Rev.

Case Number: 19-00010

Document Number: 1204

Docket Text:

Final Decree. Debtor's [1202] Motion for a Final Decree - GRANTED. The Plan has been substantially consummated; and This Chapter 11 case and Estate are hereby CLOSED. (fad)

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"But as for you, be strong and do not relax, for your work shall be rewarded." – 2 Chronicles 15:7

The final decree by Judge Frances Tydingco-Gatewood means that the archdiocese’s compensation agreement with the victim survivors of clergy sexual abuse is officially approved and completed. That chapter may be closed. However, to be certain, there is much work yet to do in our journey of bringing healing, justice and reparation to those whom our Church gravely harmed.

Legally at least, our bankruptcy status is lifted. Spiritually, it affirms the steadfast truth that God never abandons us. So long as we dedicate ourselves to Him in our efforts to do good, Our Lord blesses us.

Thus, we must continue to focus wholeheartedly on the many tasks and responsibilities of post-bankruptcy work. This includes but is not limited to completing the transfer of properties and assets to the victim survivors through their court appointed trustee; providing tuition vouchers and cemetery plots to their families; activating the non-monetary compensation elements of the plan; strengthening our Child Protection and Safe Environment protocols and policies; reorganizing the archdiocese; and rebuilding our finances. We must work harder to protect all children from harm of any kind.

I convey my sincerest gratitude to the numerous individuals, groups and families of our schools, parishes and archdiocesan organizations for your tireless work, sacrifice and continued support. We have reached this important point of our journey of atonement and reparation because of your steadfast trust in our Lord.

Thank you to Archbishop Emeritus Michael J. Byrnes. We continue to pray for your healing. Thank you to my brother clergy and dear religious sisters. I extend much gratitude to former Finance Officer Josie Villanueva. Thank you to the many volunteers who help the Church in different ways, including the dedicated members of our Finance Council and Internal Review Board, past and present. 

Thank you to the many others even outside of our Church who have had major roles in helping us, from our hardworking attorneys here and abroad, the attorneys of the victim survivors, the banking and insurance institutions, Judge Tydingco-Gatewood, Chief Bankruptcy Judge Robert J. Faris and Curtis Ching of the Office of the U.S. Trustee, and companies which have supported us amid our trials and failures.

Thank you to all the victims, the courageous men and women who have endured in pain and continue to bear the wounds of betrayal and sexual abuse from members of our Church on Guam in the past. We are deeply sorry for the agony, betrayal, deceit and coverup by leaders and members of our archdiocese in the past.

As we work to pick ourselves up from the recent typhoon and the many other storms we have experienced in the past, we give ultimate thanks to our merciful Creator. Thank you dearest God for your unending love for us. In closing, I repeat a Bible passage which I have cited before:

“Rejoice always. Pray without ceasing. In all circumstances give thanks, for this is the will of God for you in Christ Jesus.” – 1 Thessalonians 5:16-18

Yours in Christ,

/s/Father Romeo D. Convocar

Apostolic Administrator, Archdiocese of Agaña

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My comments

Fr. Convocar errs in initially referring to the victims as "those whom our Church gravely harmed." However, he fixes the error at end of his message when he again refers to the victims, but this time as those "who have endured in pain and continue to bear the wounds of betrayal and sexual abuse from members of our Church on Guam in the past."

I'm glad he fixed it. "The Church" is the Bride of Christ. It is one, holy, catholic, and apostolic, and thus, is not only incapable of harming Her own children, but it is blasphemy and the "unforgivable sin," a "sin against the Holy Spirit," (Mk 3:28–29, Mt 12:31–32, Lk 12:10), to even infer it. 

Moreover, by laying the blame for these and so many more atrocities on "The Church," we not only defile the Bride of Christ and thus Christ Himself, we lessen or even remove the blame from the real perpetrators and the evil rot. 

No doubt, the sickness that fomented what Pope Benedict called "the filth in the Church," is systemic, and it is nothing new. In Liber Gomorrhianus (Book of Gomorrah) St. Peter Damian called out even filthier atrocities in the 11th century. 

The following is copied from the book's page on Amazon:

"Alas, it is shameful to speak of it! It is shameful to relate such a disgusting scandal to sacred ears! But if the doctor fears the virus of the plague, who will apply the cauterization? If he is nauseated by those whom he is to cure, who will lead sick souls back to the state of health?"

With these words, St. Peter Damian introduces the Book of Gomorrah, undoubtedly the most stirringly eloquent and impassioned denunciation of sexual perversion ever penned by a Catholic saint. Although it was written almost a thousand years ago, the Book of Gomorrah in many ways seems addressed to our own times, associating the phenomena of clerical homosexual behavior and pederasty, and endorsing the imprisonment of clergy who are a danger to youth. 

The Book of Gomorrah offers a scathing analysis of the evil of sodomy, while also expressing compassion for those who have fallen into such vice and the possibility of their redemption by the aid of divine grace. It explains the devastating effects of the vice both spiritually and psychologically, and warns that such behavior, particularly among the clergy, will bring down the wrath of God. It also urges the permanent defrocking of clerics who are habituated to homosexual behavior and endorses the permanent confinement those guilty of child sex abuse. 

Meanwhile, I still have an issue with Fr. Convocar's correction where he refers to "members of our Church on Guam in the past." It's not "in the past." Sin, immorality, filth, perverted atrocities are never "in the past," especially in the Church because Satan never sleeps and the ordained are his most delectable targets. Church history, if anything, demonstrates that.

Thus St. Peter warns:

"Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour." - 1 Peter 5:8

It is understandable that Fr. Convocar and most others in our local Church want to put the atrocities of Apuron et. al behind us ("in the past"), but that is exactly what Satan wants us to do. 

In fact, what Fr. Convocar really needs to do is erect a Hall of Shame wherein are displayed the names, pictures, history, and all documents related to the proven perps as well as (with their permission) the names and pictures (where possible) of their victims. 

Note: Longtime readers of JW will remember that JW published pictures of Apuron's victims at or about the age when they were raped or molested or otherwise abused by the priest they served. Those pictures probably had more to do with turning the tide against Apuron and ultimately his conviction and sentencing by Pope Francis than anything else. We should be made to stare at such pictures again today x 300 plus. 

 

The other thing I find bothersome in Fr. Convocar's message,  * and this is not unique to him, is the constant coloring of "children" as the "victims." They may have been minors, but they weren't "children," at least not most. And this is a dirty ugly fact that not only few are brave enough to address, but by continually making this about "children" masks  (maybe intentionally) the real problem.

The fact is that our Church leadership has done nothing to address the real problem, and no amount of "Child Protection and Safe Environment protocols and policies" is going to do it. And it's not going to do it because it wasn't "children" who were the victims, and second, nothing has been done to screen out the worms who perpetrated these atrocities in the first place. 

There is also a third problem: the "deep church" that shielded Apuron and attempted to thwart the efforts of the people on the street at every turn. Said "deep church" is still in place. But we'll get to that another time. 

* I continue to refer to "Fr. Romy Convocar" directly because he is the papal-appointed Apostolic Administrator for the Archdiocese of Agana. In other words, on his desk, and at least for now, there is a sign - even if you don't see it - which reads: THE BUCK STOPS HERE. 

NOTE TO PARISHIONERS

A detailed list of properties owned by the Archbishop of Agana (aka Archdiocese of Agana) transferred to the Trust (established for the benefit of certain claimants) includes several properties currently operating as parishes. 

Those properties are of no use to the claimants unless they are converted into cash, so presumably the Trust will put the properties up for sale. 

Now is the time for parishioners who want to save their parishes to organize, incorporate, and make every effort to purchase their parish properties back and keep them under the control of their own corporation. 

And Canon Law is on your side.

During the bankruptcy hearings, there was an attempt by the defense to make the case that individual parishes were not "owned" by the Archbishop, but were individual entities in the control of the pastor and by extension the people of the parish. 

Unfortunately, the lay people who testified in support of this position based their testimony mostly on stories and hearsay and (per my recollection) received very little (if any) help from the church's attorneys to support their argument.

I remember being astounded at the church's silence on this matter given what was at stake and given that church law was and is on the side of those who testified trying to save their parishes. Consider the following:

Though some dioceses in the United States are set up as civil “corporations sole”, this civil legal construct is not appropriate for the Ordinariate, nor does it accurately reflect the Church’s understanding that each individual parish is its own separate public juridic person.

...the parish or mission is designated as a public juridic person to give it a formal canonical status. The juridic person as a canonical “corporation” then assumes all of the obligations and privileges of an established parish or mission. If it owns property, the property becomes part of the public juridic person of the parish and its administration must be governed by canon law. This means that all parish property is controlled by the parish (in the person of the pastor (c. 532)), and its civil incorporation must reflect that reality. 

- Parish Property Ownership in the Catholic Church 

Instead of making these arguments, the defense let themselves be beaten into a box with one word and the one word was itself "One." 

The question from the plaintiff's to the defense was "is the Catholic Church one?" This question was asked over and over and it was aimed at well-meaning lay people who should have been defended by the highly paid lawyers for the archdiocese, but weren't. 

The lay people answered from a "belief" perspective, i.e. the "One" Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. Obviously "One" in this context only means "One" in belief, not "one" in worldly ownership. 

But that distinction was never made, and our church leadership simply caved:

According to the vicar general, (Fr. Romeo Convocar) following a ruling from District Court of Guam Chief Judge Frances Tydingco-Gatewood, “the archdiocese is essentially one body, which means all the liquid and real property assets of all parishes and schools owned by the archdiocese are part of the bankruptcy estate.” - SOURCE

Even though I wanted to see justice for the true victims - especially those who came forward and put their names and faces to the cause, I also wanted to see justice for the Catholics in the pews, most of whom are also innocent victims in this matter, given that they would be made to pay the bill, not the perpetrators.

Perhaps the "archdiocese" so weakly defended itself because not a single member of the clergy would be made to pay a dime. What a shame. 

ANALYSIS OF JUDGE TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD'S DECISION.

 Posted by frenchie

Following the total incapacity by the defense to show that a "resulting trust" exist between the Corporation Sole (aka the Archbishop) and the Schools and/or the parishes, Judge Tydingco-Gatewood could only rule in favor of the plaintiffs.

After announcing her decision, she went into a simple set of explanations to explain the process.

She also took the time to revisit the fact that Judge Faris of the Federal Court of Hawaii is still available for both parties to find a settlement before moving into the long and costly process of law suits.

She also took heart, following both Mr Tudela and Archbishop Byrnes declarations of contrition, and peace offerings.

The following Monday, the Pastors of the parishes of the diocese, and the school principals were summoned to the Chancery for an update by the legal defense team.

Junglewatch has procured a copy of the original plan of reorganization brought forth by the plaintiffs, which is a public document. It is a 138 pages document which highlight their proposal.

This was filed a little while ago.

A positive development occurred yesterday. A hearing which had been originally filed for Friday March

4th, for a disclosure statement was moved to Friday March the 11th, at the request of both parties, to be able to have more time to meet with Judge Faris in Hawaii, to come up with a joint chapter 11 reorganization plan.

This is  probably the most encouraging development so far in this case.

Since we have entered the Lent Period of self reflection, and self examination, I would strongly suggest that we all pray for cool heads to prevail.

DAY 6 OF DEPOSITIONS FOR THE BANKRUPTCY, AFTERNOON SESSION

 Posted by frenchie.

After a morning of very emotional testimonies, and the extremely logical and embarrassing remarks made by Mr Tudela, the challenge for the attorneys of both side, who had gotten a pretty well deserved black eye, would be to make this riveting moment become irrelevant and forgotten. It was now the turn for the defense to bring their witnesses and documents to make their case.

The two witnesses called were Fr Ronald Richards from the Archdiocese of Detroit currently on loan to Guam and acting as special counsel to the Archbishop , Chancellor (keeper of records) and Episcopal Vicar, acting as General.

The "eminence grise" of the Archdiocese of Agana should be an interesting witness, since he coalesced almost all administrative powers over the last 5 years.

Indeed the testimony lasted close to four and half hours. Therefore instead of trying to give you a step by step account, I will try to give you the main action and the general course of the testimony.

Questioning Attorney was Mr Anderson.

It was established through the testimony that Fr Richards had the requisite experience, education and access to documents in his present positions to make most of his testimony acceptable. 

This did not go without a fight, since in the first 20 minutes of testimony, there was a strongly fought back and forth between the attorneys, with many objections being raised as to what was acceptable. Most objections having been overruled, the difficult task of going through all the documents presented as exhibits , one by one was started and took nearly four hours to be finished. 

Documents presented covered the following:

Loans between parishes, loans to banks, fundraising for schools, request for beginning of construction, records of filing for corporation sole, loan payments by schools and parishes. Letters between priests and chancery , bishops and banks, bishops and priests, as well as war claims docs.

(Interestingly enough a letter from LL Guerrero pledging $100k to Apuron for the construction of a gymnasium at our Lady of Guam Academy)

Documents for post war reconstruction. Lack of signatures for certain documents, because they were carbon copies and not the signed originals. 

All along, there were objections and ruling to overrule or not. Basically the defense team, brought in , in a period of about 4 hours all their documentation, just as the plaintiffs did over the last 6 days.

After this was wrapped up, and as the lawyers and the judge herself were starting to show sign of exhaustion, the last witness was called.

During most of the hearings the Zoom attendance fluctuated between 60 and 90 people. Survivors, clergy, religious, and laity.

Mr Ismael Perez Principal of Father Duenas Memorial School.

Credentials and identity were established and accepted, back ground was reviewed, and going over the document presented by Mr Perez, as being from personal knowledge.

The judge again made the lawyers aware that she knew the witness, because of her children's history at father Duenas. No objections from both sides. 

Testimony covered day to day operation, and the building of the school following a gift of land.

It was established that the gift of land was subjected to restrictions tied to the construction of a school only. Objection on hearsay was overruled based on fact that the granter was a family member of Mr Perez who had direct knowledge of said gift.

There was a last cultural misunderstanding based on Family/Clan names, which was strangely enough settled by the judge, who gave the cultural background to the plaintiffs lawyers, who in turn  lifted their objection. No cross examination. 

Proceedings ended at 5.00pm 

Closing arguments to be presented on Saturday February 26 at 1.00pm

BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDING, DAY 2: MONDAY FEBRUARY 21

 posted by frenchie

Proceedings restarted this morning, with a comical twist, as the suits and ties of the opening day were dropped by the Minnesotan lawyers for the benefit of brand new Hawaiin shirts...

I guess this is an odd attempt to look more "local" albeit not the most efficient one.

Michael Bevacqua will probably accused them of cultural appropriation, no doubt.

The examination of Mr Francis Guerrero chairman of the financial committee of our Lady of Purification continued, following the original one which started at the end of Saturday.

As we know on Guam, our Lady of Purification is a very small parish with a small but dedicated number of families who compose the body of parishioners.

This seemed to be totally overlooked by Mr Caldie, who stuck to his line of questioning which totally occulted this fact for the benefit of his very narrow line of questioning,which has remained the same with every witness.

How do you know the property is yours? Isn't the property held in trust by the Archbishop a corporation sole? How do you know the intentions of the person who gave the property away? All intended to show that the Archdiocese, not the parishes control the parishes.

Mr Caldie did not seem to make Mr Guerrero deviate from his testimony, ergo he went back to his mantra: "Are you one with the Archdiocese?" a very spurious argument which deviates the religious understanding of Catholics for the purpose of common law. 

It was not surprising that they had tried and succeeded to nullify the impact of Canon law, into said relation between the faithful and their Church.

Under cross examination by Mrs Jerry Diaz, (who seemed better prepared today than on Saturday), Mr Guerrero gave a very compelling testimony about his personal relationship to his parish and to his Church.

This seemed to rattle the representative of the Creditors who did a much tougher cross examination. Often bordering on the condescending and the sacrilegious with insulting questions about the survivors, which were taken back after several objections by the defense.

The examination continued for what appeared to be a very long and painful moment. Yet Mr Guerrero did not give what Mr Caldie seemed to look for.

The next witness Mrs Taitano of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in Toto fell as an easy pray for the lawyer of the creditors. Mrs Taitano looked honest, but dismayed by the questions and not mentally ready for the barrage of questions that befelled her. Really the symbol of the clash of two very different worlds.

The last witness before the Lunch recess was Mr Taitano of the Immaculate Heart of Mary Parish in Yigo, the former Chapel of the Neo, turned parish by AAA under father Jeff...

As we know this is one of the stronghold of the Neos on the island.

Mr Cruz the representative for that parish, also did not appear to comprehend the avalanche of questions asked by Mr Caldie, but he basically stuck to his guns, and under cross examination did make a couple of strong points in the favor of his parish. 

This lead to a contentious redirect from Mr Caldie, who tried to introduce an article from 2018 from the Pacific Island Time, where Archbishop Byrnes apologized to the victims in the name of the whole Archdiocese.

Objection from the defense were overruled, and Mr Caldie tried to impeach the statement of Mr Cruz. 

The Judge called for lunch recess, with instruction to Mr Cruz to return.

Mr Cruz looked utterly confused by what had happened and what was transpiring.

THE CRISTOBAL FILE - PART 1

In light of today's announcement by Archbishop Michael Byrnes that the former priest, Adrian Cristobal, has been laicized, I decided to search my files and came up with a few things. Here's one. A timeline of things re Cristobal from 2013 to 2016. More things will be coming, so keep on an eye on JW.

THE CRISTOBAL FILE. 2013-2016

July 22, 2013. 

Adrian Cristobal sends a statement to the Media 1) claiming that Apuron had spoken with Fr. Paul Gofigan about his alleged infraction when in fact the only meeting about the alleged infraction was the meeting at which Apuron told Fr. Gofigan to resign, 2) claiming that there had been an investigation into Fr. Paul’s alleged infraction when in fact there was none, 3) claimed that Fr. Paul had disobeyed the Archbishop even though Fr. Paul had already produced the documentation showing that he had obeyed as ordered, 4) claimed that Fr. Paul’s actions were a “danger to children” when in fact it was later proved that Apuron had permitted the same person to work at the parish 13 years earlier. - Archdiocese of Agana. (2013, July 22). Archdiocese Statement Regarding Father Paul Gofigan. https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B5IW0Zxhdou0ek00Qno4MEJaYkU

September 4, 2013 to December 27, 2013

Adrian Cristobal misleads Aaron Quitugua about why he cannot be sponsored to a seminary other than RMS which explicitly forms its priests according to the life and practice of the Neocatechumenal Way. Cornered by Quitugua’s questions, Cristobal tells Aaron that there is no money to support his priestly studies elsewhere, but when Aaron offers to pay for his own education Cristobal still denies him sponsorship. - http://www.junglewatch.info/2014/02/i-regret-to-inform-you-that-your.html

Tuesday, January 14, 2014

Adrian Cristobal stonewalls the press on its inquiry into the treatment of Fr. Paul Gofigan saying:

"The conversations that Father Gofigan did write about would be considered internal and private matters concern the case of clergy discipline and basically where we stand as the archdioceses is that they don't believe that they warrant any further public comment," even though Cristobal himself, on July 22, 2013, went to the media to publicly accuse and denigrate Fr. Gofigan. 

http://www.junglewatch.info/2014/01/people-power-is-next.html

March 5, 2014

Adrian Cristobal declines comment to the Media regarding his mistreatment of Aaron Quitugua saying he “wouldn’t respond to rumors” when in fact the “rumors” were his own words documented by copies of his emails to Aaron Quitugua. - http://www.junglewatch.info/2014/03/we-are-wating-for-you.html and VIDEO: Local Teen Denied Sponsorship to Off-Island Seminary, Archdiocese's Reasons Unclear

Friday, July 18, 2014

Adrian Cristobal, at a clergy meeting in the presence of Archbishop Martin Krebs, Apostolic Delegate to Oceania, denies that candidates to the permanent diaconate were forced to join the NCW as a condition of their formation, says he “merely wanted them to listen to a catechesis” and apologized if there was a “misunderstanding.” Cristobal was immediately countered by Deacon Len Stohr and Deacon Bill Hagen who both verified that the candidates were told to "walk" and that it was not voluntary. Caught in a lie, Cristobal says that he “couldn’t remember.” - http://www.junglewatch.info/2014/07/spaghetti-for-everyone-and-guam-is.html

July 22, 2014

Adrian Cristobal runs interference for Apuron and Fr. John Wadeson after Wadeson’s record of sexual abuse allegations is exposed ten years after Apuron incardinated Wadeson as a priest of the Archdiocese of Agana. PNC News. (2014, July 22). Archdiocese Admits They Were Aware of Allegations of Sexual Abuse Against Father Wadeson 

Wednesday, July 23, 2014

Adrian Cristobal runs interference for the now-exposed, twice-accused for child sexual molestation, Fr. John Wadeson, a priest who had been incardinated by Apuron ten years previously, saying ”the allegations were made in 1990s and they were never substantiated. There was no settlement, the allegations just appeared.” He further added that the Archdiocese of Agana “does not discriminate against false or true accusations.” - Pacific News Center

http://www.junglewatch.info/2014/07/the-silence-of-lambsbut-for-how-long.html

July 26, 2014

Adrian Cristobal delivers the decree to Msgr. James Benavente, evicting him from his position as rector of the Cathedral after participating in the accumulation of allegations against Benavente and denying him any opportunity to respond. - http://www.junglewatch.info/2014/07/msgr-james-benavente-removed-as-rector.html

August 4, 2014

Adrian Cristobal lied to the public via the news media about the closing of the Cathedral Museum upon the ouster of Msgr. James Benavente as rector. Cristobal said that the museum was only closed temporarily due to the transition of leadership at the Cathedral. The museum was never reopened. - Lujan, V. (2014, October 30, 2014) Letter to Archbishop Apuron from Vangie Lujan. http://www.junglewatch.info/2014/10/the-truth-about-national-museum-at.html

August 19, 2014

Adrian Cristobal misleads the Media and the faithful claiming that Apuron intends to meet with the members of the Presbyteral council who wrote Apuron, challenging his statement that they had agreed to the removal of Msgr. James Benavente as rector of the Cathedral. Apuron never met with them. - Mantanane, S. (2014, August 19). Archbishop responds. KUAM

December 4, 2014.

Adrian Cristobal obstructs John Toves from meeting with Apuron saying that Apuron wasn’t available. Instructed Toves to meet with Deacon Larry Claros who then claimed Apuron’s innocence. - Dumat-­ol Daleno, G. (2014, December 4). Church official: Archbishop Apuron innocent. Pacific Daily News

December 5, 2014. 

Adrian Cristobal obstructs John Toves from meeting with Apuron saying that Apuron is “fully booked.”  - Deacon Claros Defends Archbishop from Sex Abuse Allegations.

December 6, 2014. 

Adrian Cristobal tells Media that Apuron will not meet with John Toves without a lawyer present.  Threatens to sue Toves. - Stole, J. (2014, December 6). Toves’ request to meet with Apuron denied. Marianas Variety.

December 24, 2014

Adrian Cristobal misleads the Media about Apuron’s censure of Deacon Steve Martinez regarding his involvement with the Concerned Catholics of Guam. Cristobal says there was no censure when in fact, Martinez was threatened with a censure unless he quit the CCOG. - Stole, J. (2014, December 24). Archdiocese says Deacon Steve Martinez was not censured. Marianas Variety.

January 5, 2015

Adrian Cristobal, after telling the press that the Visitators (Archbishop Hon, Archbishop Krebs, Fr. Nowak) intend to meet with various lay groups, blocks a meeting with the Concerned Catholics of Guam - http://www.junglewatch.info/2015/01/no-meeting-of-course-not.html

January 7, 2015

Adrian Cristobal sends a letter to KUAM in which he:

Accuses the previous Archdiocesan Finance Council of wanting to alienate the Yona property - when in fact they voted against it.

Accuses the finance council of intending to sell the property to cover debt incurred by the Cathedral and the Catholic Cemeteries. (The AFC has no authority to sell anything. Only the Archbishop can authorize a sale of church property.)

Asserts that RMS is NOT forming priests for the neocatechumenal way when in fact its articles of incorporations specifically state that RMS is for the exclusive formation of priests per the “life and practice of the neocatechumenal way.”

Misleads the public about the true ownership of the Yona property by referring to an opinion by the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legislative Acts - an opinion not permitted for the public to see and which we later learned, an opinion wholly formed out of the information given to it by Pius Sammut, the chief catechist for the NCW in Guam.

Lies to the public about the transfer of title to the Yona property saying that it was just a transfer of title between two corporations sole, when, as already proved in a legal opinion, and later proved by the events which transferred title back to the Archdiocese of Agana, RMS was NOT a corporation sole, but a corporation separately incorporated from the Archdiocese of Agana and of which Apuron only one vote on its board and the board was further controlled by a Board of Guarantors which was controlled by the Neocatechumenal Way Team for the United States.

Lies to the public about the intention of the donor saying that it was for the erection of the RMS seminary and the Theological Institute. The lie was later laid bare by the Mother Prioress of the local Carmelite Monastery who told the media that the donor, a sister Carmelite monastery in St. Louis, MO, had never heard of RMS or the Theological Institute and had only wanted to help establish a seminary for Guam which they believed would provide an actual diocesan formation.

Misleads the public about the role of the RMS Board of Guarantors, saying they only existed to insure the purpose of the corporation when in fact they controlled every aspect of the corporation even down to expenses of more than $5000 as stated clearly in the RMS Bylaws.

Cristobal, A. (2015, January 7). Answer to Question submitted by KUAM News Jolene Toves. https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B5IW0Zxhdou0UTl2SS1rUWdJUVE

June 17th, 2015 

Adrian Cristobal met with CCOG vice president, David Sablan. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss conditions of any future meetings between CCOG officials and Archbishop Apuron to bring about healing and unity within our Archdiocese.  After the meeting, Mr. Sablan sent Fr. Adrian Cristobal an email confirmation of the conditions discussed at the meeting for his ready reference and discussion with Archbishop Apuron (see email below).  Fr. Adrian responded, stating he will get back to Mr. Sablan.  To date, CCOG has not received any response from the Chancery on whether the Archbishop will agree to the conditions put forth by CCOG to begin healing and unity, and to restore the trust the Catholic Faithful have in Archbishop Apuron. - http://concernedcatholicsofguam.org/announcements/ccog-lists-conditions-for-meeting-with-archbishop-and-chancery-officials/

January 25, 2015

Adrian Cristobal forwards to the Media a report which publicly abuses Msgr. James Benavente. The email header showing that Cristobal was the one who forward the report is found here

http://www.junglewatch.info/2015/01/dear-archbishop-savio-hon-tai-fai_26.html

June 23, 2015

Adrian Cristobal misleads the public about the true nature of RMS: “The Redemptoris Mater doesn't teach the Neocatechumenal Way, Cristobal said. Seminarians are trained for ministry in the church, they are not trained for the Neocatechumenal Way as was falsely noted," Cristobal wrote. - Raymundo, S. (2015, June 23). Church explains spending: Appeal goes to seminaries, chaplains. Pacific Daily News

July 12, 2015

Adrian Cristobal violated the intentions of the donor by taking it upon himself to rename the Boys Chapel at Father Duenas High School. Apuron later confirmed that it was Cristobal who had renamed the chapel. -  http://www.junglewatch.info/2015/07/special-message-to-archbishop-hon-tai.html

September 24, 2015

Adrian Cristobal via the Marianas Variety again misleads the public about the ownership of the Yona property and the true purpose of RMS. - http://www.junglewatch.info/2015/09/lie-cheat-steal-deny-deflect-deny.html

April 12, 2016

Adrian Cristobal, with Edivaldo, go before the Rotary Club of Guam to repeat the lies about the ownership of the Yona Property and the purpose of RMS. - Quintanilla, K. (2016, April 12). Archdiocese seeks to dispel “lies”. KUAM http://www.kuam.com/story/31697625/2016/04/11/archdiocese-seeks-to-dispel-lies

April 13, 2016

Adrian Cristobal misleads the public about the status of Fr. Luis Camacho who was arrested by Guam police a year earlier. Cristobal told the press that Camacho “was sent to a place he could be followed psychologically and spiritually, and is still under supervised ministry.” (However, a parish in Doha, Qatar had published a flyer about Camacho leading a youth retreat, and Bishop Camillo Ballin had written that Camacho was “my priest now.” - Baza, I. (2016, April 13). Church continues to investigate Fr. Luis Camacho. KUAM. 

May 31, 2016

Adrian Cristobal accuses the mother of Joseph Quinata of “malicious and calumnious accusations”: “In the past days, malicious and calumnious accusations against the Archbishop have surfaced, even from a deceased person,” Father Adrian L.F. Cristobal, Chancellor of the Archdiocese of Agana, said in a statement. - Eugenio, H. (2016, May 31). Mother of deceased man accuses Apuron of molesting son. Pacific Daily News.

June 3, 2016

Adrian Cristobal accuses Deacon Steve Martinez of “malicious and intentionally false claims” against Archbishop Apuron, and threatens canonical and civil action against him. In his media statement, Cristobal went on to publicly accuse Martinez of incompetence as the archdiocese’s financial officer. In the same press release, Cristobal accuses Martinez of being part of the “Rohr Group,” and further accuses Tim Rohr of conspiring to sell the Yona property in order to cash in on a real estate commission. - Archdiocese of Agana. (2016, June 3). Archdiocese of Agana Media Release, June 3, 2016. https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B5IW0Zxhdou0TzJpaEVrU3FzVXM

June 5, 2016

Adrian Cristobal signs the decree labeling the Concerned Catholics of Guam a “prohibited society.” http://www.junglewatch.info/2016/06/love-letter-from-adrian-ass.html

Other:

Adrian Cristobal told the future Fr. Richard Kidd that in the Archdiocese of Agana the diocesan priesthood was no more, there was only the Neocatechumenal Way. - May be verified by Fr. Richard Kidd

Adrian Cristobal complains that he’s not getting paid enough.http://www.junglewatch.info/2015/10/fly-on-chancery-wall-reports.html

Comments from JungleWatch.info 

Monday, January 13, 2014

We have to remove the psychological fear which is being conveyed by the three on the hill. They use fear to mentally break priests. It's been going on for years from Archbishop Apuron and Fr. Adrian. Some priests are sick at this time because of what's happening. We must clear up this fear that has been perpetrated on our priests. It's a very unhealthy situation and I believe it is destroying priests in the region.  It's about healing the past and renewing. I believe priests on Guam are silently hurting, afraid to express themselves because of fear. We need to heal. It's time to prepare for priest-people power.

There is nothing we can really do until the Holy See decides to send a visitor to Guam. Priests and people need to be individually interviewed  so there is no fear of revenge by Archbishop Apuron, Fr. Adrian, or Msgr. David. A group of priests who see the danger Guam is in will have to come together and seek an appointment with Archbishop Krebs the Apostolic Nuncio. Guam’s people will back these priests.

Name withheld out of fear

http://www.junglewatch.info/2014/01/sent-via-email-breaking-priests.html

Tuesday, January 14, 2014

The priests in the Archdiocese of Agana are under duress. The core aspects of preaching about injustices have been muffled by the Archbishop,  Msgr. David C. Quitugua (vicar general), and Fr. Adrian Cristobal (chancellor).  Because all three are beside themselves, not knowing what to do or how to deal with issues before them, and based on historical facts, they are more prone to making rash and ill-guided decisions.  Because they are desperate, they are likely to make decisions that hurt people in an attempt to survive.  To those monitoring from Rome, come to Guam and you'll be surprise how many clergy and lay faithful will come forward to meet with you.  The Archdiocese is no longer under the control the Archbishop.  The Archdiocese is in peril. The Archdiocese needs the intervention of Rome, and it is needed immediately. 

http://www.junglewatch.info/2014/01/dear-pope-francis.html

http://www.junglewatch.info/2015/04/what-healing-looks-like.html

BUSINESS BANKRUPTICES

Archbishop of Agana, a Corporation Sole

HUMPTY DUMPTY AND THE NEOCATS

  

Posted by Bob

From time to time Tim is faced with the unenviable task of attempting to correct mistatements emanating from the neocats. Many of these mistatements deal with the meanings of words. Tim is a great teacher, as all of us who follow JungleWatch know, but as we also know neocats have their own ways of defining words. I suspect that Humpty Dumpty is the authority they look to.

Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously. ... "When I use a word,"Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less." "The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean so many different things."

Here's an example:
         DianaJuly 30, 2017 at 10:12 PM

Dear Anonymous at 9:28 pm,

I have already proven that a seminary can be a corporation sole with a Board of Directors. St. John Seminary is a corporation sole with the Archbishop of Los Angeles as the corporate sole. See the weblink below:

https://neocatechemunal.blogspot.com/2015/10/st-john-seminary-in-california.html?m=1

There is the evidence. A seminary can be a corporation sole. RMS is also a corporation sole. So, you see...Rohr was wrong when he told you that ONLY an Archdiocese is a corporation sole.